Hydrogen Tank
The DISPATCHES Hydrogen Tank Model represents a quasi steady state implementation of a compressed hydrogen gas tank. This tank model supports tank filling and emptying operations for a fixed duration assuming a constant flow.
Degrees of Freedom
The Hydrogen Tank Model has 5 degrees of freedom and they are previous state variables (temperature and pressure), tank dimensions (tank diameter and tank length), and time duration. In addition, the model needs a defined inlet-state and an operating scenario in terms of the outlet flow (e.g., outlet flow = 0 when tank is filled). By default, the tank is set to be adiabatic by fixing heat duty = 0.
Model Structure
The Hydrogen Tank Model consists of a single ControlVolume0D (named control_volume) with 2 states (properties_in and properties_out) and 2 ports (named inlet and outlet). In addition, the tank model has another state named previous_state that denotes the state of the tank at the beginning of time period given by dt. The tank model then computes holdup terms integrated over the time dt. Custom material and energy balance are written to account for integrated holdup terms. Finally, an internal energy balance computes the outlet temperature.
Governing Equations
previous_state material holdup rule:
previous_state energy holdup rule:
Material balance equation:
Material holdup calculation:
Material holdup integration over the time step \(dt\) :
Internal enery balance at the end of time step \(dt\) :
Energy holdup calculation:
Energy accumulation:
where, \(rho_{t, p}\) is the density term \(U_{t, p, j}\) is the specific internal energy term \(E_{t, p}\) is the energy holdup term \(y_{t, p}\) is the phase fraction \(H_{in, t, p, j}\) is the specific inlet enthalpy \(H_{out, t, p, j}\) is the specific outlet enthalpy \(F_{in, t, p, j}\) is the inlet flow \(F_{out, t, p, j}\) is the outlet flow
Variables Used
The Hydrogen Tank Model uses the follow variables:
Variable |
Name |
Notes |
---|---|---|
\(V_{t}\) |
volume |
tank volume |
\(Q_{t}\) |
heat_duty |
heat duty (default = 0,i.e., adiabatic) |
\(D\) |
tank_diameter |
diameter of tank |
\(L\) |
tank_length |
length of tank |
\(dt_{t}\) |
dt |
time step |
\(dM_{t, p, j}\) |
material_accumulation |
average material accumulation term over \(dt\) |
\(dE_{t, p}\) |
energy_accumulation |
average energy accumulation term over \(dt\) |
\(M_{t, p, j}\) |
material_holdup |
material holdup |
\(E_{t, p}\) |
energy_holdup |
energy holdup |
\(M_{prev, t, p, j}\) |
previous_material_holdup |
previous state material holdup |
\(E_{prev, t, p}\) |
previous_energy_holdup |
previous state energy holdup |
- class dispatches.unit_models.hydrogen_tank.HydrogenTank(*args, **kwds)
Simple compressed hydrogen tank model
- Parameters
rule (function) – A rule function or None. Default rule calls build().
concrete (bool) – If True, make this a toplevel model. Default - False.
ctype (class) –
Pyomo ctype of the block. Default - pyomo.environ.Block
- Config args
- dynamic
Indicats if Hydrogen tank model is dynamic, default = False. Equilibrium Reactors do not support dynamic behavior.
- has_holdup
Indicates whether holdup terms should be constructed or not. default - False. Hydrogen tank model uses custom equations for holdup.
- momentum_balance_type
Indicates what type of momentum balance should be constructed, default - MomentumBalanceType.pressureTotal. Valid values: { MomentumBalanceType.none - exclude momentum balances, MomentumBalanceType.pressureTotal - single pressure balance for material, MomentumBalanceType.pressurePhase - pressure balances for each phase, MomentumBalanceType.momentumTotal - single momentum balance for material, MomentumBalanceType.momentumPhase - momentum balances for each phase.}
- property_package
Property parameter object used to define property calculations, default - useDefault. Valid values: { useDefault - use default package from parent model or flowsheet, PhysicalParameterObject - a PhysicalParameterBlock object.}
- property_package_args
A ConfigBlock with arguments to be passed to a property block(s) and used when constructing these, default - None. Valid values: { see property package for documentation.}
initialize (dict) – ProcessBlockData config for individual elements. Keys are BlockData indexes and values are dictionaries with config arguments as keys.
idx_map (function) – Function to take the index of a BlockData element and return the index in the initialize dict from which to read arguments. This can be provided to override the default behavior of matching the BlockData index exactly to the index in initialize.
- Returns
(HydrogenTank) New instance